Article

A New Methodology to Fabricate Polymer–Metal Parts Through Hybrid Fused Filament Fabrication

Sofia F. Silva; Pedro M.S. Rosado; Carlos M.A. Silva — 2025

Key information

Authors:

Sofia F. Silva (Sofia Flores da Silva); Pedro M.S. Rosado (Pedro Rosado); Rui F.V. Sampaio (Rui Filipe Vieira Sampaio); João P.M. Pragana (João Pedro da Fonseca Matos Pragana); Ivo M.F. Bragança (Ivo Manuel Ferreira de Bragança); Eurico Assunção (Eurico Gonçalves Assunção); Carlos M.A. Silva (Carlos Manuel Alves da Silva)

Published in

05/08/2025

Abstract

This paper introduces a new methodology that enables the production of polymer–metal parts through hybrid additive manufacturing. The approach combines fused filament fabrication (FFF) of polymers with adhesive bonding of metal inserts, applied during layer-by-layer construction. The work is based on unit cells designed and fabricated using eco-friendly materials—polylactic acid (PLA) and aluminum—which were subsequently analyzed for build quality and for mechanical performance under tensile lap-shear and three-point bending tests. The acquired knowledge in terms of optimal processing parameters for attaining strong polymer–metal bonds was then applied for the fabrication and testing of prototypes representing modular corner connectors for framing applications. Results on build quality demonstrate that issues, such as lumps and warping, can be solved by finetuning the 3D printing stages of the proposed methodology. In terms of destructive testing, significant improvements in the mechanical performance of PLA can be achieved, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed methodology in integrating the lightweight properties of polymers with the stiffness of metals. This enables the development of innovative, sustainable and eco-friendly solutions that align with the growing demand for eco-friendly materials and processes in manufacturing.

Publication details

Authors in the community:

First page or article number

4254

Volume

17

Issue

10

DOI

10.3390/su17104254

Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)

mechanical-engineering - Mechanical engineering

Keywords

  • Additive manufacturing
  • Fused filament fabrication
  • Adhesive bonding
  • Polymer-metal parts

Publication language (ISO code)

eng - English

Rights type:

Only metadata available

Financing entity

Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia

Identifier for the funding entity: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871

Type of identifier of the funding entity: Crossref Funder