Article In: orcid, scopus, cienciavitae
Co-processing lard soybean oil over Ca-based catalysts to greener biodiesel
ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION
— 2021
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Published in
02/01/2021
Abstract
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) were produced from lard/soybean oil (SBO) mixtures using a calcium-based heterogeneous catalyst. The green catalyst was prepared by scallop shell calcination at a relatively low temperature (800 degrees C) to minimize energy consumption. Images from Scanning Electron Microscopy showed agglomerates of a few tens micrometers with rhombohedral calcite crystallites studded with lime. X-ray diffractogram of fresh catalyst presented overlapped patterns of calcite and lime In tested conditions (methanol reflux temperature, 5% (fat mass basis), methanol fat = 12 molar ratio, and 150 min), the FAME yield reached 95% (mass) with SBO. However, only 75% FAME yield was obtained from pure lard since the active sites of the catalyst were partially neutralized by lard acidity. Co-processing lard/SBO mixtures attenuated the undesirable fat acidity drawback allowing FAME yields around 90% for mixtures containing less than 50% (mass) of lard. The low-grade fat content of the processed mixture showed no impact on the glycerin quality. Co-processing lard/SBO is a smart strategy to overcome the low-grade fats acidity in biodiesel production process thus providing a more sustainable biodiesel production route.
Publication details
Authors in the community:
João Fernando Pereira Gomes
ist123818
Publication version
AO - Author's Original
Title of the publication container
ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION
First page or article number
101220
Volume
21
ISSN
2352-1864
Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)
chemical-engineering - Chemical engineering
Publication language (ISO code)
eng - English
Alternative identifier (URI)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2020.101220
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