Article

GPU-accelerated visualization of historical wildfire events with temporal geospatial data integration

MethodsX

José, Rafael; Matos-Carvalho, João Pedro; Nuno Fachada2026Elsevier

Key information

Authors:

José, Rafael; Matos-Carvalho, João Pedro; Fernandes-Oliveira, Afonso; Harkat, Houda; Nuno Fachada (Nuno Fachada)

Published in

December 2026

Abstract

Wildfires severely affect ecosystems and populations. Reconstructing documented fires helps emergency services study hazards and train responders. Many current tools are difficult to integrate and lack real-time performance across scenarios. This paper presents a GPU-accelerated Unity system for replaying and rendering documented wildfire events with temporal precision. The proposed method is a visualization pipeline for historical fire records—not a fire propagation model—using recorded rather than computed ignition and extinction times. It integrates geospatial processing, particle rendering, and temporal event modeling for fire behavior analysis. The system processes historical data chronologically, transforms geographic coordinates to maintain spatial fidelity, and renders fire stages with terrain-aligned particles. It incorporates wind data and applies performance optimizations including object pooling and GPU-accelerated particle rendering. Results illustrate reconstruction of documented fire patterns with stable, real-time frame rates in high-density scenarios, highlighting applicability for scientific analysis and training.

Publication details

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Publication version

VoR - Version of Record

Publisher

Elsevier

Link to the publisher's version

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2026.104080

Title of the publication container

MethodsX

First page or article number

104080

Volume

17

ISSN

2215-0161

Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)

computer-and-information-sciences - Computer and information sciences

Keywords

  • Historical wildfire reconstruction
  • Geodetic coordinate transformation
  • Wind data integration
  • Particle-based rendering
  • Object pooling
  • Real-time rendering

Publication language (ISO code)

eng - English

Rights type:

Open access

Creative Commons license

CC-BY - Attribution

Financing entity

Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia

Title of the project, award or grant: INESC INOV – Laboratório de Investigação & Desenvolvimento

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Funding Stream: Avaliação UID 2023/2024

Identifier for the funding entity: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871

Type of identifier of the funding entity: Crossref Funder

Number for the project, award or grant: UID/06486/2025

Financing entity

Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia

Title of the project, award or grant: INESC INOV – Laboratório de Investigação & Desenvolvimento

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Funding Stream: Avaliação UID 2023/2024 PRR

Identifier for the funding entity: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871

Type of identifier of the funding entity: Crossref Funder

Number for the project, award or grant: UID/PRR/06486/2025

Financing entity

Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia

Title of the project, award or grant: INESC INOV – Laboratório de Investigação & Desenvolvimento

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Funding Stream: EQUIPAR +2 - UID.PRR2

Identifier for the funding entity: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871

Type of identifier of the funding entity: Crossref Funder

Number for the project, award or grant: UID/PRR2/06486/2025

Financing entity

Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia

Identifier for the funding entity: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871

Type of identifier of the funding entity: Crossref Funder

Number for the project, award or grant: 2023.15441.TENURE.051/CP00003/CT00029

Financing entity

Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia

Title of the project, award or grant: LASIGE Centro de Investigação em Ciência e Engenharia da Computação

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Funding Stream: Avaliação UID 2023/2024

Identifier for the funding entity: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871

Type of identifier of the funding entity: Crossref Funder

Number for the project, award or grant: UID/00408/2025

Financing entity

Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia

Title of the project, award or grant: LASIGE Centro de Investigação em Ciência e Engenharia da Computação

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Funding Stream: Avaliação UID 2023/2024 PRR

Identifier for the funding entity: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871

Type of identifier of the funding entity: Crossref Funder

Number for the project, award or grant: UID/PRR/00408/2025

Financing entity

Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia

Title of the project, award or grant: Centro de Tecnologias e Sistemas (CTS)

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Funding Stream: Avaliação UID 2023/2024

Identifier for the funding entity: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871

Type of identifier of the funding entity: Crossref Funder

Number for the project, award or grant: UID/00066/2025

Financing entity

Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia

Title of the project, award or grant: A computational pipeline for modeling and predicting wildfire behavior

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Funding Stream: CEEC INST 2ed

Identifier for the funding entity: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871

Type of identifier of the funding entity: Crossref Funder

Number for the project, award or grant: CEECINST/00002/2021/CP2788/CT0001

Financing entity

Instituto Lusófono de Investigação e Desenvolvimento

Title of the project, award or grant: FireGuard: Fire Management with Autonomous UAV Navigation

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Funding Stream: Seed Funding

Identifier for the funding entity: https://isni.org/isni/0000000458956849

Type of identifier of the funding entity: ISNI

Number for the project, award or grant: COFAC/ILIND/COPELABS/1/2024