Report
Regulatory opportunities and barriers for V2X deployment in Europe
— 2023
Key information
Authors:
Published in
June 22, 2023
Description
The Regulatory opportunities and barriers for V2X deployment in Europe deliverable is the main report produced out of the work conducted in Task 1.3 of EV4EU named Regulatory Challenges and Design (GAP identification). It presents a study of the regulatory and legislative framework around Electric Vehicles (EVs), their integration to the power system and transportation network and the accompanying charging infrastructure. The study analyses the regulatory ecosystem on a pan-European Union level first and then on a national level, focusing on the four countries hosting an EV4EU demonstration. It is important to highlight that not only strictly EV related topics were covered but all regulation and legislation that applies to the general problem of EV integration such as union-wide or nationwide energy police, local markets and flexible demand in general, renewable energy, data management and cyber-security. EV4EU is focused on EVs and their integration under mass deployment conditions with a special interest in V2X technology and policy. The project includes four demonstration sites: a) the Mesogia region in Greece, b) the Azores in Portugal, c) Krško is Slovenia and d) the island of Bornholm in Denmark. The demonstrators will test EV charging and V2X functionalities under different conditions and scenarios. The first main product of this report is the analysis of the relevant European Union (EU) regulations and directives. The research that was conducted focused on 4 categories. First, EU Energy Policy which set the broad EU goals on energy and climate and directly affects EV related goals. Second, EVs and Charging infrastructure was studied, where a number of Directives and Regulations set rules on vehicle safety, charging points goals and CO2 emissions, among others. Third, a series of legislation pieces were discussed on distributed energy resources, demand flexibility, electricity markets and power systems in general. Two of the most important pieces are Regulation 2019/943 and Directive 2019/944 on electricity markets. Fourth, on the topic of data, Regulation 2016/679 (GDPR) stands out as one of the most important. On a national level, the four different countries show a variety of relevant legislative initiatives. In Greece, since 2019, a significant body of new legislation has passed which aims to help the country catch up with the rest of the union in terms of EV penetration. The flagship pieces of legislation are called “KINOUME ELEKTRIKA” I and II and include a variety of rules, incentives, and provisions. Portugal on the other hand, has established a national plan for electromobility already since 2009, i.e., Resolution No.20/2009 but the country continues to expand on EV legislation with the most recent law, on Zero Emission Vehicle, established in 2022. Similarly, Slovenia has adopted a number of incentives for EV uptake that adopt EU regulations and directives whereas, as recently as the Act on Efficient Use of Energy (ZURE) mandates the construction of charging points in new or renovated buildings. In Denmark, in recent years, topics such as monetary incentives, charging stations and smart meters are prominent. Finally, one of the main products of this deliverable is the identification of gaps, barriers and opportunities after all frameworks are analyzed and, when applicable, in relation to EV4EU activities. In Greece, the main opportunity is the expansion of demand flexibility related legislation to local markets giving the system operator more tools to manage network conditions with EVs and Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) being one of the most critical resources. Similarly, in Portugal V2X is not legislatively covered. In Slovenia, one of the main barriers is the lack of an encouraging environment for installing chargers in multi-apartment buildings, whereas in Denmark it is the fragmented public charging network.
Publication details
Authors in the community:
Hugo Gabriel Valente Morais
ist428549
Publication language (ISO code)
eng - English
Rights type:
Open access
Financing entity
European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency
Title of the project, award or grant: Electric Vehicles Management for carbon neutrality in Europe
Funding Stream: HORIZON EUROPE
Identifier for the funding entity: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100021050
Type of identifier of the funding entity: Crossref Funder
Number for the project, award or grant: 101056765